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Apollonios Pergeläinen

Apollonius_of_perga.jpgGreek astronomer and geometer c. 262 BC - c. 190 BC, Latin Apollonius Pergaeus. Especially noted for his writings on conic sections. His studies in the field of conics has influenced many sholars after him including Ptolemy, Francesco Maurolico, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton and René Descartes. Apllonius has given names of conic sections the ellipse, the parabola and the hyperbola.

Astronomer and mathematician Eudoxus of Cnidus 408 - 355 BC wrote of the concentric spheres theory, which was based on the Moon, the stars and the planets orbiting the implantation of spherical shells.

The weakness of the theory was, the heavenly bodies appeared to be moving further away when measuring the sun and the moon diameter. Dimensions and brightness of celestial bodies turned out to be varying. This thinking led out of the solid shaped spherical shells. Apollonius of Berga is the first known in history, who presented epicycle theory for the the planetary orbits. Epicycle meaned the planets orbits had the central point the Earth, but at least some of orbiting planets had epicyle, a deviation from a circular orbit. The theory could explain the apparent movement of the planets and the varying speed of the Moon.

Apollonius of Berga developed geometry and the work of the eccentric circles (ellipses) continued on next century Hipparchus of Nicae. He took a special interest for monitoring the movement of the sun and the moon and the preparation of the tables.

One epicycle theory form of the geocentric model was the model, Venus and the Moon had the orbits around the Sun. These two affected following the sun, without leaving the vicinity of the Sun. On this day the theory has any concentric spheres, such an early age was assumed to be the case, but epicycle is the fact and in practice means the first Kepler's law.

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.

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21.6.2018*08:00
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