The Russian State Duma was first established in 1905 by Tsar Nicholas II. 

  

It served as the lower house of the Russian Empire's first elected parliament. After its abolition following the 1917 February Revolution, the institution was recreated in December 1993. This occurred under President Boris Yeltsin's new constitution. Today, it forms the lower chamber of the Federal Assembly, consisting of 450 elected deputies. Its primary modern duties involve adopting federal laws and approving the Prime Minister.