Load Types for the Strength of MaterialsKuormituslajit lujuuslaskennassaThe structural members differ from each other, but are distinguished from them by five main stress types. Some forces dictate dimensioning, some are combinations of stresses. The force F or, in the case of combined loads (6-7), the forces load the rod-shaped part considered here.
Normal Force
Si system, the normal force in newtons (N ) is a mechanical quantity. The concept of the normal force is needed to determine the strength of the materials, to find out the cross-sectional tension level. In connection with the normal friction force, it is the component, perpendicular to the surface (surface being a plane) of contact, of the contact force exerted on an object by, for example, the surface of a floor or wall, preventing the object to fall.
The following three load types generates the so-called nominal force
F <= ========== => F
1. Pulling, where the force resistance demands pulling strength of the material.
- normal force, perpendicular force against the reviewed surface - the pulled body may be long, the cross-sectional stress level determines the force - the force gets the nominal value of 1 F => ========== <= F
2. Compressing, where the force demands compressing strength of the material. - normal force, perpendicular force against the reviewed surface
- the rod is short enough, the tension level determines the amount of force - the rod is long enough, buckling determines the amount of force - the force gets the nominal value of 1 3. Bending, where the force demands bending strength of the material.
- normal force, perpendicular force against the reviewed surface - the cross-sectional - pulling and compressing - stress level determines the force - the force gets the nominal value of 1 Cutting forces
4 Cutting, where the force demands cutting strength of the material
- Cutting force, the transverse force against the reviewed surface - the tension level determines the amount of force - the force gets the nominal value of 1.61 ... 5 torsion, where the force demands torsionstrength of the material
- cutting force, the transverse force against the reviewed surface - the tension level determines the amount of force - force gets the nominal value of 1.61 ... Combining the nominal values of 1 + 1 + 1 + 1.61 + 1.61 .. = 6.2(8) , in radians the vaue is a full circle. Multiplying the full circle 6.2(8) radians by the golden ratio of 1.61 ..
6.2 x 1.61... = 10 we are in ten number decimal system and all the tensions (stresses) beeing calculable at each other. EP-calculation is not decimals, such as the calculated loads are not exact.
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