Visual GeometryNäkemisen geometriaContent1. Introduction to Visual Geometry. 2. Diameter of the Moon 3. Iron After Big Bang 4. Cheops Pyramid - Location 5. Cheops Pyramid - Speed of Light 6. Time Dilation in Pascal's Triangle 7. Plato, the Cave Metaphor 8. Space Filling. 9. Calculation is Divided Into Two Way Study the Phenomena 10. Pythagorean Pentagon 11. Number Five to EP-Calculation. .......................... 20. Mother and Child Example. 21. Euclid's Geometry 22. EPC and Visual Geometry 23. Nature Modular Structure. 24. Right Angle Dimensionality 25. Point 26. Pi 3.14 the Length of Rivers 27. Circle Description 27.1 Circle and Ellipse 27.2 The Fear of Physics 27.3 Describing a Circle of Steel 28. Circle and Square Areas 29. Golden Ratio 1.618 in the Circle 30. Equilateral Triangle 31. Speed of Light as Geometry 32. Angles of a Pentagon ......................... 39. Pentagon in Oranges. 40. Pentagon in Apples. 41. Pentagon in the Hand 42. Surface Areas of the Pentagon 43. Johannes Kepler; Ellipses Description of Planetary Orbits 44. Ellipse 44.1 Ellipse with the Rope and Two Pins 44.2 Ellipse with Two Circles 44.3 Ellipse Inside the circle 45. The world's Picture, Areas of the Circles 46. Friction coefficient 1.03. 47. Universal Friction 1.03. 48. Stopping Distance Visual Geometry 49. Volum of a Pyramid 50. The Volume of a Ball 50.1 The volume of a Ball; By Formula 50.2 Volume of a Ball; Equivalent Proportional Calculation 50.3 Volume of a Ball; The Golden Section and Gravity 50.4 Volume of a ball; Lifetime to Machine Elements 50.5 Volume of a Ball; Area of the Circle / (π / 1,034) ..................... 60. Pascal's Triangle - Phi 1.618 61. Pascal's Triangle & Pi (3.14) 61.1 The Nature Factor 1.1 62. Fibonacci Numbers - The Golden Ratio 63. Golden Ratio in the Products 64. The Specific Gravity of Steel 65. Steel Strength as Visual Geometry 65.1 Steel Hardness Golden Ratio 66. Strength Such as Visual Geometry 66.1 The Golden Triangle 66.2 Bending Shadow 67. Products, such as Visual Geometry 67.1 Lifting Lugs from 500 to 40,000 kg 68. Visual Geometry as Physiology 68.1 Short Run Events in Pascal's Triangle. 1. Introduction to Visual GeometryOne day we do have a wide view of point to calculate things. Even now it may desire to think; The red perimeter of the circle per the green diagonal line = 3.14 There is no need to know any lengths or diameters. All other same kind of figures have the ratio 3.14. Colours and figures are a visual way to understand them. Units are human made. By this way thinking, all circles can have their diameter of 1. One millimeter,inch, foott, mail, light year etc. of their diametters. Size of the circle, does not specify a unit to plural form. We calculate e.g. phenomena on products, so the interior area of circle includes in the value of the specific gravity of steel (0,785). A = pi x r2 A = 3.14 x 0.52 A = 0.785 We stop to this for a moment to find out, letters also having the information of phenomena. All phenomena have originally derived from the formula. E = m x c2 Energy (E) and the speed of light (c) are not recognized by the mass. This is the mean principle as we think of them. Letter Codes In three-dimensional world the first three letter codes of the formula E = m x c2 are known. Pressure can consists of material or from almost tangible media. The mass on the area forms the two-dimensional pressure between the area and materia on it. When an air-bottle, the mass is minimal, but the three-dimensional pressure can be high. L = length A = area V = volume P = pressure Phenomena 1. There is a phenomenon having the shape of a circle (d1) The circle is symmetric, so that its width is the same as its height. Interior area of circle; A = Pi x r x r (Pi = 3.14) A = 3,14 x 0,5 x 0,5 A = 0.785 2. There is a phenomenon having the shape of a square The square is symmetric, so that its width is the same as its height. A = 4 x 0,5 x 0,5 A = 1 It will be appreciated 3.14 / 4 = 0.785 (We calculate e.g. phenomena on products, so the interior area of circle includes in the value of the specific gravity of steel (0,785)) 3. There is a phenomenon having the shape of a ellipse 1.6 x 1 (r = 0,8 ; s = 0.5) A = pi x r x s A = 3.14 x 0.8 x 0.5 A = 1.25 We say to the phenomena to be mutually exclusive, because the phenomena are different. Is this the case, it will look for a while. You know, the mentioned three geometric shape, so they are not presented in detail. I think, you hardly know the geometric form of the phenomenon, so I'll tell them to behave, such as calculatings show the geometrical figures. The surface area is two-dimensional, in which case the two-dimensional (phenomenon) having double values, is four times the mean phenomenon. This is known, but also increases in the value of 0.785 is 4 x 0.785 = Pi (3.14). The main dimensions of the ellipse 1 and 1.6 (18) are the ratio of the all in nature. (880) 1 + 0.618 = 1.618 1 / 1,618 = 0.618 2. Diameter of the moonCelestial body need to measure the device, which structure is described below. In past time designers used an aperture plate when drawing circles on the drawings. In addition to this is needed, one meter long piece of a cord. Parts are cheap. These are enough to determine the diameter of the Moon. Set 10 mm = 1 centimeter hole of the aperture plate, 111 cm off the eye. Any 10 mm hole is suitable for this. The moon locates exactly in the hole. Calculate the diameter of the moon on the basis of the information. The moon is an average of 384 400 km away from the earth. Moon's diameter as literature it say, 3470 km. Measuring error 0.2 %. The example provides an idea of a straight linear proportionality. 1 cm = x => x = 3463 km 111 cm 384 400 km 1 - 1,12 - 1,25 - 1,6 3. Iron After Big BangNo need to go further than the Big Bang, when the number five appears, and later by an understandable way determines the golden ratio in Pascal's triangle, known as a pattern. The pattern known, but not understood to phenomenas. Strength needs to calculate the material iron, the most common element on Earth. Iron, named steel is the material for this purpose. EP-Calculation five steps is the proportionality limit in values and iron is on this step, the temperature of 4000 Kelvin. The heavier material than iron needs for formation the nuclear fusion. We stay in steel grades (S235 and S355), ie. to the temperature of 4,000 Kelvin, as the table shows. The lighter elements than steel make up 99.99997 % of the composition of stars. Heavier elements than iron are a small minority, but they are two-thirds of the elements. The formation of metalNuclear reaction Temperature 106 K Pascal's triangle 0. Hydrogen => helium 10 - 40 1 1. Helium => carbon, oxygen 100 -200 1 1 2. Carbon => neon, sodium, magnesium 800 1 2 1 3. Neon => magnesium, silicon 1 700 1 3 3 1 4. Oxygen => silicon, sulphur 2 100 1 4 6 4 1 5. Silicon => titanium, Zinc, nickel, Iron 4 000 1 6 1 1 6 1
Pascal's triangle, the lowest row is the fifth row from the output value of 0. Row five finds the golden ratio 1.618, even the value of 1.611 is slightly different. The fifth element describes the pentagon where the golden ratio occurs in many. This is described in visual geometry and strength calculation. (985) 4. Cheops Pyramid LocationThe Great Pyramid 2560–2540 BC (the Pyramid of Khufu, or Cheops in Greek) in the Giza, Egypt, demonstrates the remarkable character of its placement on the face of the Earth. The Pyramid lies in the center of gravity of the continents. It also lies in the exact center of all the land area of the world, dividing the earth's land mass into approximately equal quarters. This is visual geometry, which the ancient people carried out through monumental engineering structure. (197) Pyramids location on the largest mass concentration on the Earth
5. Cheops Pyramid - Speed of LightThe base of the pyramid has the dimensions of 230.3 x 230.3 m
When drawing two circles around the circle, one outsides the pyramid and the second inside as the image shows. The outside circle perimeter - the inside cirle perimeter = the speed of the light Pii x 230.3 = 723.509
Pii x 230.3 x sgrt (2) = 1023.196
1023.196 - 723.509 = 299.687
(The speed of light 299.792 km/s)
Whatever you think of the calculation, it undeniably demonstrates equivalence to the speed of light. (1088) 6. Time Dilation in Pascal's TriangleE = m c2 Time dilation table Pascal's Triangle as Visual Geometry1 dim 1 m (1.0328) 2 dim 1 1 m2 1.03283 3 dim 1 2 1 m3 1.03286 4 dim 1 3 3 1 s / t 1.03289 1.03283 = 1.1 - 1,03286 = 1.21 - 1.03289 = 1.337 BackgroundThe Theory of ProportionalityOne hundred years after the general theory of relativity, the theory of proportionality explains how the identified astronomical scale matters affect at low speed phenomena on the Earth. This is shown in EP-Calculation. The first argument is Albert Einstein's theory, which has not been used at low speed phenomena, even the next phrase exhorts to this. (1148) Special theory of relativity applies to all physical phenomena except gravity The second argument is that time dilation joins to phenomena on the Earth At slow speed momentum p is transformed into Lorenz - variant factor 1/L when L = sqrt (1-( v/c )2) ==> time dilation 1.0328 when the speed of light 0,25 c 7. Plato, the Cave MetaphorVisual geometry has its historical background thousands of years' backwards. The calculation is however from this day. I write about the history and today's reality. The calculation is divided in to two different ways to study mathematical phenomena. This is a description of the physics, starting the text of Some Basics of Physics. In the end, quite a lot of things are geometry. Plato used his well known cave metaphor (figure of speech). In which he compared our position in the nature chart to a person who has lived since born in a cave. According to him, the picture of reality has born of real objects which have formed shadows onto the cave's back wall of the moving images. This happened thus, that outside the cave aperture, the real objects in the sun light cast these shadows onto the cave's back wall. Like those who were in a cave, we scrape the surface of reality. We do the same using our sense and ability to understand things around us. More about this can be read in physics website. 8. Space FillingThe idea of filling the space with similar pieces is 2300 years old. It is believed that the first who considered it was Plato (427 - 347 BC). According to Plato, materia consisted of a polyhedrons satisfying the condition, determining the five regular polyhedrons, and calling these to five regular pieces. These represented his vision of the perfect symmetry of space geometry. Kuviot Wikipediasta The regular polyhedron is a piece in which all the facets have the same size and shape, also the angles between adjacent facets are the same. The cube is a good example. The facets are square-shaped, and the angle between the adjacent facets is always 90 degrees. A certificate stating that there are only five such pieces is a large Greek mathematical achievement. Plato's the most famous student Aristotle suggested that the teacher did not have the right idea. This was based on the fact that many polyhedron, did not meet the space completely, but left a blank space when packing them tightly. Only six-facet pieces of cubes and four-facet tetrahedras filled the space completely. The other was left gaps. For some reason the tetrahedron filled the Platonic idea of the perfect filled space? The perception of the possibility of a tetrahedron fill space completely, remained 1800 years. Today, we know only the six-facet cube to be able to fill the space completely. Now we are coming to number five. There are nine regular polyhedrons: Five Plato's pieces: Dodecahedron, icosahedron, octahedron,Tetrahedron, cube. Four Kepler-Poinsot'n are star-shaped pieces of regular polyhedrons. (897) 9. Calculation is Divided Into Two Way Study the Phenomenaa) Things are studied by calculating and definning phenomena. This trying to avoid formulas. b) Things are studied by way of patterns, which show the same as calculations do. The procedure is often raised that we are not able to calculate.
Pentagon in photo describes human being. There are two legs, two hands and head. Pentagon expresses the dimensioning of the human body. Not just of human being, all entity being located to construction. More patterns later. Leonardi da Vinci, Vitruvian man An ellipse is a particular class of mathematical shapes that resemble a stretched out circle. Ellipse has two focal points. Circle is a special case of an ellipse that is not stretched out and in which both focal points coincide at the center. 10. Pythagorean PentagonThe pentagram is a symmetrical 5-pointed star that fits inside a pentagon. From times of Pythagoras pentagon has been the most studied to understand the Golden Ratio 1.618. Today, Pythagoras is not associated with the pentagon, but to the theorem of Pythagoras. Pythagoras does not be connect in any way to Pythagorean theorem, relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle, this because it was known for a thousand years before Pythagoras. Maybe Sumerians had in the first figured pentagram around 3000 BC.The different thing is how Pythagoras interpreted the pattern and whether there is evidence not even today. Pentagon contains in many sense the ratio of 1.618. Pythagoras took pentagram as a symbol to established selected brotherhood. Among other things, Cheops pyramid includes the golden section ratio of 1.618 in its structure. I mention the pyramids, therefore, that Pythagoras traveled to Egypt, and well acquainted with these works and also the Egyptian mathematics, which was largely based on the geometry. There is no evidence of that, but let us think so. The pyramids can say that they were thousands of years old when Pythagoras visited to the country. Structures, whose construction does not to this day to be able to explain or repeat due to lack of financial resources. Egyptian mathematical knowledge has been devalued, its accession to a large extent beeing to the flooding of the Nile and the consequent of land areas determination to the farmers. In short, the Egyptians are said to be connected by the number and shape of Mathematics. It can be said the Egyptians determined the mass, ie the farmers grains to a surface area which sides are a times a and this can be a harvest. In a later well-known equation for energy "harvest" obtained by multiplying the mass with surface area, which has the side length of speed of light. This can be put in the form of E = m c c. This is explained more in my pages, but back to the pentagon. The starting point for everything is energy, of which the matter after cooling has condensed. Matter is based on the energy, which is to us visibly detectable mass. When calculating the mass and energy, they have the same meaning to each others. (851) 11. Number Five to EP-CalculationCalculation introduces pentagon and writings of Pythagoras? Some books warn of this kind of thinking, as if the numbers or figures would include the concept of a mathematical object. Still, a few of the Leonardo da Vinci's name forward and backward have connection to number five and to ratio of 1.618. Visual Geometry is a reality of which has been written. The following text does not join to the topic, still I put it here. I think it is just fun to do it in this context. You know Leonardo da Vinci as a well-known artist and you will be able to list his works. Do it now, but you say it to be impossible. Some of the preserved paintings (approx. 15 pieces), his notes including drawings, scientific diagrams, and ideas on the nature of painting, make up a significant effort to later artists, that has competes with only his contemporaries Michelangelo. Leonardo da Vinci was thus one of the most important artists of painting, without being actually a painter. Is your understanding of the phenomena at the same level with your knowledge of the Leonardo da Vinci? You know a lot, but you do not know everything. If the calculator in your hand does not present the same as I write, please leave my website. I grant you this with pleasure, to go back to the fantasy world. The above sentence, because I believe the calculator tells more of the real world than the idea world which are not demonstrable.
Area of the Circlea) Radius r = 1
A = π x r2 = 3.14
b) Radius r = 2
A = π x r2 = 12.56
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10 (- 12.5)
Full Angle 360o
2 x π rad =6.28 rad.
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
6.28 rad / 2 = 3.14 rad
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
3.14 rad / 2
1.570796 rad => 1.03 x 1.5707 rad = 1.618
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
SQRT (1.570796) = 1.2533
6.28 rad / 5 = 1.256 rad
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
SQRT (1.2533) = 1.12
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
SQRT (1.12) = 1.06
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1,12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
SQRT (1.06) = 1.03
1 - 1.03 - 1.06 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.15 -4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10
The above is visual geometry and calculatings, without apparent patterns. After all, can not see the phenomena themselves, although they certainly exist. On the other hand, we know well phenomena consequences. They possess (owns) in many cases, the above form in one way or another. Why the title of this page is "Number Five", even if it is not present on the page. The reason for this is trying to tell on this page, that all is not possible to see. I could tell of five finger used to open the computer. Five fingers, which the early counting is based on and continue to pentagon image on this page. (879) 20. Mother and Child ExampleIn this time is possible an example, in which someone hides behind a stone. To this intention suits a little child. The child is behind the stone and thinks being well hidden. In addition to this, the mother knows her child's existence commonly - as we know about the matters and values those existence commonly - mother sees the child behind the stone of the formed shadow.
The child is behind the stone when the sun shines. The mother cannot see directly the child, but through the shadow mother can see things. Of the child's position the mother is able to conclude an exciting moment in child's life. Do not have to see any children,which in this metaphor describes phenomenons, products and so on. The shadow is something we cannot touch, such as time in connection with the sport result. (774) 21. Euclid's GeometryGeometry is not due to the geometry, but in reality due to the necessary specifications. We understand the geometry to calculate surface areas and volumes. However, expressions are finally as surface of a area. Energy M = m c2 Covering of the light Paine kg/cm2 Covering of the pressure Tension kN/cm2 Covering of the force Velocity m/s2 Covering of the acceleration
Euclid Wrote
One can draw a straight line from any point to any point Phi-Geometry; the curve can be plotted in any transaction between the two more, if these are known. By the Equivalent Proportional Calculation, even to the events which are not known in advance.
Things equal to the same thing are also equal to one another Visual Geometry; geometry as the surface area, expands the concept of phenomena and events. Euclides saw farther in this sentence. Of the geometry the sentence has no mention. The extremities of lines are points Visual Geometry; event or phenomenon is a point of the curve from the beginning, between and at the end of the range. The curve is defined by an infinite number of points. A line is a breathless length Visual Geometry; between the two-event or phenomenon is not a vacuum or openings A straight line lies equally with respect to the points on itself Visual Geometry; a curve line lies equally events and phenomenas with respects to the point on itself (733) 22. EPC and Visual GeometryEquivalent Proportional Calculation is an approach to understand the structure of the world, the sense in which it affects everyday life. It is startling to read of the three calculations and find that you are writing of two other calculations. Because these are my pages, I can write this. I understand the idea behind the four calculations, but the Category Theory will not open to me. This unintentionally, that the calculation would not have any place alongside the others. (341)
Equivalent Proportional Calculation Visual Geometry Set Theory Category Theory
Mathematical Logic
More information from the Wikipedia 23. Nature Modular StructureImagine the blue lines to be steel tubes and structure forming the half of the roof truss. The relative lengths of the tubes are 1, 1.618 and 2.618. The tubes form a module, so the structure can be prepared of three different length of tubes. The angles between the tubes are 36, 72 and 108 degrees, i.e. the angle of 36 degrees multiples. In the end, 5 x 36 degrees = 180 degrees = pi () radians. Full Angle 10 x 36 degrees = 360 degrees = 2 pi () radians = 6.28.
1.618 x 1 = 1.618 => 1.618 x 1.618 = 2.618 => 2.618 - 1 = 1.618The nature has the symmetry concept. When the left side is known, the right side is at the same known. Do you think the nature does the support constructions by different way as we humans are them doing? Constructions in the nature look different, but have you calculated them? No, you have not, but the roof truss is familiar to you. Yes, they are familiar to many of us, but we have not strength calculated them. When the calculation proceeds, we load the truss and look the distribution of the forces. Only a limited mind determines the image as only the roof truss. A similar grid structure have values and phenomena, but the calculation is not known. Through the EP-calculation, the patterns and formulas have the same meaning. Everything is formed of the surface area, length, volume and time. We are dealing with the visual geometry. Looking at the images, there is not a simpler functional measure of the relationship than the golden ratio 1.618. Finally, the nature modular thinking, is the industry requested modular structure. A good example of this Lego blocks. (925) 24. Right Angle ProportionalityAn angle equal to 1/4 turn (90° or π/2 radians) is called a right angle.
EP-Calculation is non-Euclidean geometry, where the phenomena at a right angle or deviating from the angle, form curves and radian angle like patterns.
0.125 x 90° = 11.25° = sin 11,25° = 0.195 (1.253 x 1.0328 =2.0) 0.1618 x 90° = 14.562° = sin 14.562° = 0.251 (1.254 x 1,0328 =2.52) 0.20 x 90° = 18° = sin 18° = 0.31 (1.255 x 1,0328 =3.15) 0.25 x 90° = 22.5° = sin 22,5° = 0.382 (1.256 x 1,0328 =3.94) 0.315 x 90° = 28.35° = sin 28.35° = 0.475 (1.257 x 1,0328 =4.92) 0.40 x 90° = 36° = sin 36° = 0.59 (1.258 x 1,0328 =6.16) ____________________________________________________ _ Proportional limit five steps 0.50 x 90° = 45° = sin 45° = 0.70 (1.259 x 1.0328 =7.67) 0.63 x 90° = 56,7° = sin 56,7° = 0.836 (1.2510 x 1.0328 =9,62) 0.80 x 90° = 72° = sin 72° = 0.951 (1.2511 x 1.0328 =12.0)
Pascal's triangle; the figures are blurred after five or six steps. The table above shows the same. The first six rows of the calculation goes quite accurately - as well in phenomena - the line is over the calculation. Below being => chain deserves a review. 0.125 x 90° = 11.25° => sin 11.25° = 0.195 => 1.253 = 1,95 => 0.1253 = 0.0195 => arc sin 0.0195 = (1 +) 0.12 = 1,12 = 1.122 = 1.25 => 1.252 x 1.03 = 1.618 => 1.618 x 1.25 = 2 => 1.25 x 2 = 2.5 => 1,25 2,5 = 3.15 => 1.25 x 3.15 = 4 => 1.25 x 4 = 5 => 1.25 x 5 = 6.25 => 6.25 x 1,25 = 8 => 1.25 x 8 = 10
0.125 x 90° = 11.25° => cos 11.25° = 0.981. Calculation is suitable for energy based calculation due the value of 0.981, the overall force of gravity on the Earth. Decimal points, it should be forgotten and keep the focus on the overall perception. During the calculation, errors are forfeited. (998) Time DilationTime dilation joins to phenomena on the Earth At slow speed momentum p is transformed into Lorenz - variant factor 1/L when L = sqrt (1-( v/c )2) ==> time dilation 1.0328 when the speed of light 0,25 c (1 + 0.25 = 1.25) 25. Point
1 Point In Geometry
1.1 In geometry, topology and to other such parallel areas of mathematics, point is the simplest objects that other objects can be defined. For example a line is an infinite set of points. . 1.2 Point determines the position on a two-dimensional map page and in the three-dimensional volume. 2. Equivalent Proportional CalculationIn EP-calculation the importance of a point is a geometrical description of zero-dimensionality and it describes the location of the phenomenon on a value curve. Points are determined in one-dimensionality, in other words the distance between them. Points are in the value space, but their location of view of the phenomenon is not relevant. The phenomena do not ask for location coordinates. 3. History3.1 Euclid defined point in his book The Elements, saying that " the point is something that can not be divided ". The idea is reflecting the Demokritos idea of the atom, the smallest part of a substance, which could no longer be shared. 3.2 The ancient geometry were measured points and the distances used to detect the coordinates of the points in place. The point of the place was considered an unambiguous only if it could be linked to the fixed points of a sufficient number of distance allows . 3.2 EP-calculation principle has much the same way as the Greeks had with a well-known places. These places determined the location of one point. This is comparable to EP-calculation well-known data about the value. Conversly in EP-calculation at least one well-known point determines other points. 26. Pi 3.14 the Length of RiversIn time, Archimedes developed a method to calculate the value of pi to a arbitrary precision. Pythagoras made the law of physics, which revealed a phenomenon of physics, showing the fundamental existing relationship between mathematics and science.
At the University of Cambridge, Geography Professor Hans-Henrik Stollum calculated lengths of rivers from their source to a river mouth and the rivers had a math length of more than three times the nominal length of the indicted beeline. Moreover, the figure was 3.14, which is a circle and the diameter ratio. This is not the length of each river, but a mathematical average. 1.252 x 2 = 3.13
Albert Einstein introduced, the river increases the meander, because the river flow rate increases at the outer side of a curve. Chaos do not arise because the increased curvature of the river, turns back the bed and generates ultimately the cutting loop. The river itself adjusted the bed, the river has left beside an arc-shaped lake. 27. Circle DescriptionThe number π is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, and is approximately equal to 3.14159. A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, thecentre. The distance between any of the points and the centre is called the radius. It can also be defined as the locus of a point equidistant from a fixed point. 27.1 Circle and EllipseThe area of unit circle (1) determines the specific gravity of steel. Patterns inside the circle (ellipse and circle) having the golden section proportion, determine the mechanical properties of steel. 27.2 The Fear of PhysicsA guide for the Perplexed. Book author is an American Theoretical Physicist Lawrence Krauss. In the book he writes how the physics has changed the picture of the world. "Anyhow, on the wall being separate reflections were succeeded to guess straight perceptions of the background being uniformity". Before being joins to Plato's description of the shadows on the cave wall. The particle physics today exposes the same to the researcher. On this basis, Plato had in his mind reflectance of electricity-magnetism and weak interaction essence. These are basis of one physical (types of) embodiments Before mentioned written in our time. The science can find out, plato was with his thoughts ahead of his time thousands of years. Plato processes in writing metaphysics, after physics. The metaphysics is undefined and on the other hand unverified. Author of the book has narrated that physicists often begin to explain the phenomenon, drawing a circle. In this way of seeing visual geometry has always been involved in the making of science. 27.3 Describing a Circle of SteelWhen the human birth, the first seen objects have often round shapes. Light (lamp) on the ceiling, the Sun in the sky, Moon, ball etc. Let us assume the round shape for the steel as a unit circle. Steel is in connection with the Big Bang, containing from this point the calculation base.
Steel unit circle; diameter one unit and length one unit a) the specific gravity of iron 7.87 g/cm3
b) steel is iron, from which has taken off some coal. Still teel has a few percent of carbon, so the specific gravity value of 7.87 g/cm3 is functional to calculation.
6.181 x 1.618 = 10 = 0.6181 x 1.618 = 1Units of the calculation does not matter, because they are invented by humans. In this case, the design program calculated the weight in grams, thinking the numbers to value of 0.6181.
Plato's dungeon dustbin, in this case steel casted the shadow in form of a geometrical shape as a unit circle. In calculation the unit circle is what ever circle having diameter of one unit. The specific fravity of steel is three-dimensional (area x depth) value which the image shows. (791) 28. Circle and Square Areas
Gravitational ForceThere are two steel rods of cross-sections a square and circle. The cross-sections of bars has the proportion to gravitational and Newton (N) force. Nominal rod dimensions are 1, without significance of the units. By calculating the circular surface area, the square surface area is known or vice versa.
The circle surface area is 0.785 units => A = 0.785 x 1.25 x 1.034 = 1.02 (Newton N)
A = 0.785 x 1.25 = 9.82 (gravitational force g)
The square area 1,02 units is logical, because materials have + tolerance. Phi-geometry notes the value of the gravitation and Newton force. Calculation sets the same meaning, between the surface area and gravitation force. Phi-geometry has an ingenious way of approaching things and phenomena through patterns and areas. Calculation is calculating through different figures. (30)
29. Equilateral Triangle and CircleWe believe to proportionality between things, because the word of proportionality is in our speeches. The figure shows a triangle and circle and can not avoid the ratio of 1.618 as the Golden Ratio. Relationship is maintained, any of the dimensions of the image is selected. In our minds we necessarily do not make a picture of them. A similar idea is linked to all presented images. 1 / 1.618 = 0.618Through the visual geometry, things are shaped by way of the patterns, which often do not shape by way of the formulas. (984)
1 - 1.12 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2.0 Area of the triangle: 2 units2 Area of the circle: 1.1998 units2 Ratio between areas 2 units2 / 1.1998 units2 = 1.6669 => 1.6669 / 1.03* = 1.618 * 1.03 = the fatigue factor from time dilation 30. Golden Ratio in the CircleGolden RatioThe golden ratio consists of an active earth time dilation coefficient 1.0328 which belongs to the speed of light 0.25 c . It should not pay too much attention to decimals. 1.25(2)2 x 1.0328 = 1.618
1.571 x 1.03(28) = 1.618
31. Speed of Light as GeometryWe get the energy from the Sun which has the round shape. In the well-known energy equation, the speed of light C is in the second power. To it has to be some shape of geometry. Its geometrical shape is square. Have you never thought the Moon and Sun appear to be of same sizen on the sky. The Moon is 400 times smaller but 400 times closer the Earth. This makes the eclipses possible. The both round shapes are the first seen shapes in the childhood. In addition, the light on the ceiling and the ball. This is visual geometry. Dimensionalities
Length - Area - Volume - Time
The speed of light is area c2
The speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s, exactly 299 792 458 meters per second. The EP-calculation use the light coverage (area) => C2 = 9 x 1016m/s. We are in the same meaning with the Golden Ratio 1.618 which is the power entry (16). The circle radius has the value 1 as the speed of light (300.000 km/s)
2 x Pi / 4 = 1.5708
1.03 x 1.5708 = 1.618
In the EP-calculation the first value gets the value of 1. The other values are determined through this comparing. Therefore, the value of the radius of a circle is one but not three. 1 - 1.25 - 1.6 - 2 - 2.5 - 3.2 - 4 - 5 - 6.3 - 8 - 10 1 / 1.6(18) = 0.63
0.25 x 0.25 = 0.63
1.25 x 1.25 = 1.56
1.57 x 1.03 = 1.62
32. The Angles of a PentagonIs it possible to draw a different pattern, in which the symmetry of the pattern is corresponding? The figure is worth to show, even if this does not contain anything. The angle of 0.628 radian is a calculated value of some fruits. Fruits convey the message of a full angle, 2 pi radians = 6.28 rad. This corresponds to a 360 degrees angle. Let us divide the value of one with the Golden Ratio => 1 / 1.618 = 0.618.
Let us divide the value of 0.628 radians with value 0.618 => 0.628 / 0.618 =1.01618 Newtons = 0.1 kg. Let us divide the value of 1 with value 1.01618 => 1 / 1.01618 = 9.84 = 9,83 m/s2 the gravitational constant. This is reduced by the centrifugal force caused by rotation of the Earth => gravity g 9,82 m/s2.
It is possible study the pentagon through calculations and by this way understand the Pythagorean interest in to this pattern two and a half thousand years ago. Pentagon edges determine the number five and the time of the running 200 m World Record. The well-known data of 100 m WR-time is 9.58 seconds. It is also generally known that, when the span increases two-times longer, increases deflection 23-times bigger. Running along the increased length of time is an increase of the deflection of the load caused by the increasing fatigue. 200-meter running is an exceptional case, but of that later. (604) 2 pii rad / 5 = 1,256637061
1.2566370613 x 9.58 s = 19.01 s (200 m WR 19.16 after running into the wind. 0.78% error) 6.28 rad / 10 = 0.628 rad Pentagon in the middle of the fruit 39. Pentagon in OrangesOrange have a pentagon-shaped central section. Of the image, this is difficult to detect because the fruit flesh is soft. Intentionally the shape of the image is not too easy. 10 segments
40. Pentagon in ApplesThe story has told the Catholic Church (at least sometimes) banned the presentation of a pentagon. Last, as the figure shows in a contrary view the symbol of Satan worshipers. Most likely you do not cut the apple as the photo shows.
Split an apple and the seed space forms a flower-shaped pentagon. Pentagon forms around the perimeter, which is a multiple of five, ie the regular double pentagon. The distance between the perimeters is the golden ratio of 1.618. Detecting of the points is sometimes difficult. In the photo the pentagon and outer perimeter has marked with green colour. The shown cross section occurs also in other fruits and farmed in plants. (896) 41. Pentagon in the Hand
Seek it out of the hand, of the world's most complete tool. (836)
42. Surface Areas of the pentagonIn the pentagon image, the top part is marked with honey cells and the lower part with stars. In the drawing, the upper triangle has the width of 100 units. The image areas are below. The ratio of the areas stays by any dimensions change in the drawing. The idea is the same as the issues and phenomena have. By knowing one case, the other cases are known. Later observed the pentagon areas having the same ratio as the matter has under load. This is visual geometry of the forces in the matter. The ratio of the surface areas
4755.3078 / 1816.3659 = 2.618
The total area of a pentagon4755.3078 + 1816.3659 = 6571.6737
The total surface area ratio to the smaller area
6571.6737 / 1816.3659 = 3.618
1.618 review1.618 x 1.618 = 2.618 1.618 +1 = 2.618 2.618 +1 = 3.618 100 / 1.618 = 61.8 Is there any other pattern, which has potential for the pentagon? The golden section ratio has an undeniable connection to pentagon and by calculating made reviews. (335) 43. Johannes KeplerEllipses Description of Planetary OrbitsIn the time, the Sun, Moon and planets were assumed to have a perfect circular orbits. Kepler rejected the idea of circular planetary orbits, and ended up the idea of their elliptical paths, as known nowadays. Kepler discovered basing the calculations of planetary orbits to be elliptical. The minor axis ratio to longer axis in our solar system is 99 - 100%. A small "epicycle" of planetary orbits would be so small. The location of the sun is an ellipse focal point, and that is located at the other end of the orbit. This attention was not required to accept at first. Johannes Kepler, Wikipedia
Freely translated
Your ellipses leads to the loss of roundness and smoothness of movements, which it seems to me foolish, I wonder what the deeper it. - If only you could keep perfectly circular orbit, and to explain the elliptical orbit with a small second episycle, the situation would be much better. - Astronomy David Fabricius The Image belongs to the calculation
It is possible to draw an ellipse by several ways, having any understanding of it. You can ask almost anyone the importance of an ellipse, without the answer. The same when is asked drawing an ellipse with a pencil. (917) 44. Ellipse Drawing44.1 Ellipse with the Rope and Two PinsAn another way to draw an ellipse with the rope through two pins, of which a description. Put two pins eight centimeters in front of each other, ie the image of 80 mm from each other. Connect between the pins 10 cm long string. Take a pen and place it against the string on a red dot. Draw a pattern pins around and you draw an ellipse, the "drawing of a world". 50 / 40 = 1,25 50 / (30 x 1,03) = 1,618 the Golden Ratio We study through the time dilation the factor 1,25 and 1,03(3) which the image shows as Visual Geometry. 44.2 Ellipse With Two CirclesEllipse can be configured in many ways, of which the following two circle, one for smaller and one for the major axis. Blue line, which, unfortunately, shows little drawing, consists of an ellipse.
a) From the center of the circles is drawn a straight line to a larger circumference. b) From the smaller circle intersection is drawn a horizontal line c) From the larger circle intersection is drawn a verticall line
d) The horizontal and vertical line intersection is the point of a ellipse curve.
x = a cos (angle)°y = b sin (angle)°
x = 8,09 x cos 55,10° y = 5 x sin 55,10° x = 4,63 y = 4,1 Ellipse Can Be Drawn1. Drawing with the rope through two pins 2. By drawing a compass and straightedge 3. Through technical drawing program 4. By calculating In practice, the ellipse is drawn through some technical drawing program, still hand-made ellipse is good to know. The other thing is the ellipse's accession to the reality. This because the phenomena form generally an ellipse. Johannes Kepler brought this up first to orbit of a celestial body. Of this we will continue to phenomena. At first, one thing is seen in this image, and later the infinite number through the Visual Geometry. (916) 44.3 Ellipse Inside the CircleThe image shows one principle of the calculation. On the basis of the known, others are known. In the image the measure of 0.75 determines the diameter of the circle (1) and the ellipse minor axis length of 0.5. Surface area of circle: 0,7854 units2 Surface area of ellipse: 0,3927 units2 The measure 0.5 (that cannot see in the image) shows the area of the ellipse which is halve of the circular area. About what the ratio we choose, the area is divided proportionally between the circle and the ellipse. The perception of this, is not self-evident, what the visual geometry holds. The ellipse and circle shape a tool for the forces examination in the matter.
45. The World's Picture, Areas of the Circles
Johannes Kepler observed the Earth's elliptical orbit around the sun. Calculation shows the equivalence between an elliptical shape and phenomena. The elliptical shape of the phenomena is associated with the concept of product space. When looking the global picture of the areas, which Johannes Kepler did not present it in this format - describes the Pythagorean harmony of the golden section. This requires a static fatigue factor (Universal friction) of 1.03. The showed calculation is not alone in these observations in relation to Plato, Johannes Kepler, and in this context, we add to this group one person.
Galileo Galilei played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His insistence was that the book of nature was written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it. - Galileo Galilei The educational system learned us the geometry, and there is no reason learn it again. Still I tell the formula of areas in ellipse. There is no need for any unit, because we are calculating universal mathematics. A = pii x a x ba = half semimajor axis 50 units b = half semiminor axis 30 units A = 3,14 x 50 x 30 = 4712,3890Circle d = 60, inside the ellipse (you have to imagine this circle) A = 2827,4334Circle D = 100, outside the ellipse (you have to imagine this circle)
A = 7853,9816
7853,9816 / (4712,3890 x 1,03) = 1,6184712,3890 / (2827,4334 x 1,03) = 1,618The educational system learned the geometry, and there is no reason learn it again. Still I tell the formula of areas in ellipse. There is no need for any unit, because we calculate universal mathematics. A = pii x a x ba = half semimajor axis 50 units b = half semiminor axis 30 units A = 3,14 x 50 x 30 = 4712,3890Circle d = 60, inside the ellipse (you have to imagine this circle) A = 2827,4334Circle D = 100, outside the ellipse (you have to imagine this circle)
A = 7853,9816
7853,9816 / (4712,3890 x 1,03) = 1,6184712,3890 / (2827,4334 x 1,03) = 1,618
CircumferencesCircumference of ellipse = 255,270 Circumference of d60 = 188,4956 Circumference of D100 = 314,1593
314,1593 / (188,4956 x 1,03) = 1,618(314,1593 + 188,4956) x 1,03/ 255,270 = 246. Friction Coefficient 1.03 Light and shadow hide the same meaning. You can think the image below is composed of lines as the light. Products, phenomena and values generally have the friction, which the black color describes. But do not say, the geometry has not tried to show the coefficient.
Without the force of gravity there is no friction to stops the movement. Atmosphere and material should spread into space. The world we see, would not be. Pentagon describes gravitational force. A coefficient of 9.82, often in Europe used the coefficient of 9.81. 0.3633 + 0.6181 = 0.9814The universal friction coefficient 1.03(4) occurs in a number of examples and patterns. This is derivated from equation E = m c2. We swim in the universal gravitational field, which can be calculated through the friction. (893) ( 0.3633 + 0.6181 ) x 1.03 = 1.047. Universal Friction 1.03Visual Geometry describes in many ways the Universal friction. The circle diameter of 2 units => the length of the circumference Pi x D = 6.28 units
The quarter length of the circle = 2 x 3.14 .../ 4 = 1.5708 units 1,5708 x 1,03 = 1,618It is said that the Golden Ratio 1,618 is an irrational constant that cannot understand; when some phenomenon, we loose something, but this something cannot observe. This is the character of the Universal Friction 1,03(4). In the image the Universal Friction is the missing part of the red line, being the character of the friction. (895) 48. Stopping Distance as Visual GeometryI dare say that even this approach has not been presented elsewhere. The below shows the braking distance, calculated by using the formula in physics. The reaction time is generally accepted one second. This gives the travelled total stopping distance, for example a speed of 50 km/h, 26,2 m. Another method at the right is using natural logarithms. Braking on a dry and clean asphaltSpeed Reaction time Braking Tot. Logarithmic Calculation km/h m m m 30 8.33 4.42 12.8 Known data 13 m 40 11.1 7.9 19,0 40/(Ln pii)6 = 17.8 m 50 13.9 12.3 26.2 50/(Ln pii)5 = 25.5 m 63 17.5 19,5 37.0 63/(Ln pii)4 = 37.0 m 80 22.2 31.4 53,6 80/(Ln pii)3 = 53.3 m 100 27,8 49,2 77,0 100/(Ln pii)2 = 76.3 m 120 33,3 70.6 103,9 120/(Ln pii) = 104.8 m 125 34.7 76.6 111.3 125/(Ln pii) = 109.2 m Visual GeometryThe stopping distance is increased by a factor of 1,252 /1,03(3)2 = 1,4641 When the speed is increased by 25 %, increases the stopping distance, but proportionally reduces. The stopping distance "get tired", as a runner get tired. Stopping distance is four-dimensional phenomenon, involving dimensionalities of length, width, height and time. Time is assiciated to time dilation, which is part of the essence of value space. After these comes proportionality in things, including the value of the golden ratio 1.618. The value space Pascal's Triangle1 dim 1.12 dim 1.1 x 1.1 = 1.213 dim 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 = 1.3314 dim 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 = 1.4641 Length - Width - Height - TimePropo 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 x 1.1 = 1.61051 (The Golden ratio 1.618)EP-calculated stopping distanceskm/h Stopping distance Calculation 30 12.8 13 m the known data 40 19.0 13.00 m x 1.4641 = 19.03 m 1. 50 26.2 19.03 m x 1.4641 / 1.033 = 26.97 m 2. 63 37,0 26.97 m x 1.4641 / 1.033 = 38.22 m 3. 80 53.6 38.22 m x 1.4641 / 1.033 = 54.18 m 4. 100 77.0 54.18 m x 1.4641 / 1.033 = 76.79 m 5. 125 111.3 76.78 m x 1.4641 / 1.033 = 108.83 m The speed of 100 km can calculate:13 m x 1.46415 / 1.0334 = 76.80 m The calculated 76.79 m is the exact value EP-Calculation accuracy is five steps The fifth step of the time dilation are values of 0.25 and 1.033 Many of the readers say them to be better brakers than the table shows. My best heard is 21 meters starting from 100 km/h. The tabled value 49.2 m. That was a motor cycle and police did measure the braking length. Now this is up to you believe the braking distance, but then we have a new physics. (1011) 49. Volume of a Pyramid1/3 × Base Area × Height (H) Cheops PyramidV= 1/3 x 230.3 m x 230.3 m x 146.41 m V = 2 588 436 m3 Visual geometryV = 1.254 x 1.06 = 2.588 ( length x width x height x time x fatiquing of 3d + time) (1,25 = 1/4) (1.032 = 1.06) Surface Area of the PyramidAll side faces are the same: Base Area + 1/2 × Perimeter of Base × Slant Length (L) A = 230.3 m x 230.3 m + 1/2 x( 4 x 230.3 m) x 186.3 m A = 138848 m2 Golden ratio(186,3 m/146.41 m = 1.2724 => 1.27242 = 1.618 )
50. Volume of a Ball
50.1 By formula
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